Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy

SOCIAL INDICATORS 2006

Infant Mortality and Life Expectancy

There are a number of factors that contribute to having a high quality of life. These include safe environments, adequate diet, adequate health care, sufficient education, adequate financial resources, nurturing families and communities, to name just a few. There are measures that tell us about each of these variables but when looking for broad quality of life measures, demographers tend to start with two. One is the infant mortality rate and the other is life expectancy at birth.

The infant mortality rate is the number of children that die between birth to 1 year of age per 1,000 live births. This measure is important because these children are the most vulnerable members of any society. Measuring how well the most vulnerable survive tells us something about the overall quality of life for a population.

The second measure is life expectancy at birth. Everyone dies eventually but a society with a high quality of life will have organized itself to minimize the number of premature deaths in its population.

What do these two measures tell us about American society?

The infant mortality rate throughout most of recorded history has been estimated to be about 250 per 1,000 live births. Early in the 1900s the rate was well over 100 in the United States. The rate appears to have leveled off in recent years and it remains to be seen if some minimum barrier has been attained.

Life expectancy at birth for the United States in 1900 was just under 50 years. While life expectancy has increased by eight or nine years over the last fifty years, it improved by nearly twenty years in the first fifty years of the Twentieth Century. With continued advances in biotechnology it remains to be seen how high this rate may rise.

These two measures illustrate the remarkable advances we have experienced in recent generations due to health care, sanitation, education, workplace reforms and technology. No populations in the past, and few populations in the present, have experienced the high quality of life Americans enjoy today.

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Comments

[brad wright]

What an interesting post! I knew things were getting better, but I didn't realize it was that much!

I've often heard in sermons and other Christian teachings that things are getting worse and things aren't what they used to be. Well, the first statement seems to be wrong on perhaps on one of the most important things in life, so to speak.

Thanks for the information!

Brad Wright

[Michael Kruse]

Thanks Brad. There are more to come in this series. But most (not all) indicators point in a similar direction.

[gmklass]

Interesting, but on both indicators the US has improved at a far slower rate than most other wealthy countries. Here, for example I a chart on life expectancy:
http://lilt.ilstu.edu/gmklass/pos138/2010fall/lab8%2020010.htm

It shows that US life expectancy was well above the median for 21 other wealthy counties in the 1960s. Now it is dead last.

[Michael W. Kruse]

Fascinating graph. I've read others who stated something similar but not in quite this way.

Two factor I've heard suggested is that half (I think) of worldwide migration, is to the United States. We have a high influx of people from other places where health factors have not be at our par.

The other factor, which I haven't checked out personally, is that if you take out the murder rate of the death statistics, or life expectancy numbers move in tandem with the other countries in your graph ... the implication being we have less of a health care problem and more of a violence problem.